Dum Dum Tarun Dal is known for pushing the envelope with thought-provoking themes for their Durga Puja 
celebrations, and 2023 is no exception. This year, their theme, ‘Kaal Bela’, draws inspiration from Samaresh Basu’s iconic novel, which paints a vivid picture of the socio-political atmosphere in Bengal. However, the organizers have gone beyond the literary reference to highlight a deeper, more historical narrative. ‘Kaal Bela’ refers to the dark times that descended upon Bengal after the granting of Dewani Rights to the East India Company following the Battle of Plassey in 1757. This watershed moment marked the beginning of British dominance in Bengal and the erosion of native rule, triggering a series of events that would forever alter the socio-political landscape of the region.
The Historical Context of ‘Kaal Bela’
The Battle of Plassey, fought between the forces of Siraj ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, and the British East India Company led by Robert Clive, marked the beginning of British colonial rule in India. The defeat of Siraj ud-Daulah was a consequence of betrayal by Mir Jafar, his commander, who colluded with the British. In the aftermath of the battle, the British gained control over Bengal’s vast resources and immense wealth.
In 1765, the Dewani Rights, or the rights to collect revenue from Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa, were formally granted to the East India Company by the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. This transfer of power was a turning
point, marking the beginning of British exploitation of Bengal’s riches. The agricultural wealth of Bengal, particularly its fertile lands and thriving textile industry, was soon siphoned off by the British, leading to widespread economic devastation and famine.
The theme ‘Kaal Bela’ seeks to explore this period of darkness, not only focusing on the external factors but also shedding light on the internal conflicts and betrayals that hastened the downfall of Bengal’s rich cultural and economic heritage. By revisiting this dark chapter in history, Dum Dum Tarun Dal aims to remind visitors of the consequences of greed, betrayal, and foreign domination, drawing parallels to contemporary socio-political issues.
The Pandal: A Representation of Bengal’s Loss and Suffering
Dum Dum Tarun Dal’s 2023 Durga Puja pandal is designed as a visual narrative of the oppressive times Bengal faced after the Battle of Plassey. The architecture of the pandal will incorporate elements reminiscent of the colonial period, juxtaposed with symbols of Bengal’s once-thriving culture and economy.
At the entrance, visitors will be greeted by a structure resembling the grand, imposing British administrative buildings that sprung up in Bengal after the British consolidated their power. These cold, monolithic structures symbolize the iron grip the British had on the region, marking the loss of native autonomy. The use of muted, somber colors will evoke a sense of gloom and oppression, reflecting the dark times that befell Bengal after 1757.
Inside the pandal, the narrative will shift to focus on the agricultural devastation and famine that plagued Bengal under British rule. Art installations will depict scenes of farmers toiling in the fields, their faces etched with despair as they are forced to part with their harvests to meet the exorbitant revenue demands of the East India Company. The use of earthy tones and natural materials will lend an authenticity to these depictions, grounding them in the stark reality of Bengal’s suffering.
Another key element of the pandal will be the depiction of Bengal’s textile industry, once renowned for its fine muslin and silk. Before the British took control, Bengal’s weavers were celebrated worldwide for their craftsmanship. However, under British rule, the industry collapsed as the British imposed severe taxes on local products and flooded the market with cheap British textiles. The pandal will feature installations of weavers working on looms, their livelihoods being destroyed by foreign exploitation. This will serve as a poignant reminder of how colonialism stifled Bengal’s indigenous industries.
The Idol: Durga as a Symbol of Resistance and Justice
At the heart of the pandal will be the idol of Goddess Durga, who this year takes on the role of a powerful symbol of resistance, justice, and retribution. In the context of ‘Kaal Bela,’ Durga will not only be seen as the slayer of Mahishasura but also as the embodiment of Bengal’s resistance against oppression. Her ten arms will hold weapons symbolizing the various forms of resistance—both physical and moral—against foreign domination.
The face of the goddess will reflect a mix of strength, sorrow, and determination, embodying the spirit of a land ravaged by foreign powers but unbowed in its will to fight back. The demon Mahishasura, typically depicted in the traditional form, will this time represent the forces of greed and betrayal that led to Bengal’s downfall. His defeat by Durga signifies the eventual triumph of justice and righteousness over exploitation and oppression.
Artistically, the idol will be crafted in a traditional style but with elements that link it to the theme of ‘Kaal Bela.’ The goddess’s attire will include designs inspired by Bengal’s once-famous textile patterns, reminding viewers of the state’s lost glory. The lion, Durga’s vehicle, will be shown as a fierce protector of the land, symbolizing the undying spirit of Bengal, which resisted the British rule despite overwhelming odds.
Rituals and Devotion: Honoring the Spirit of Resistance
Dum Dum Tarun Dal Durga Puja has always maintained a deep connection to tradition while integrating its unique thematic elements. The rituals performed during the Puja will this year focus on invoking Durga’s blessings to bring an end to oppression and exploitation in all its forms. The Bodhon, or invocation of the goddess, will be marked by prayers for strength and resilience in the face of challenges, drawing a parallel to Bengal’s historical struggle against colonial forces.
Pushpanjali (flower offerings) and Sandhi Puja (a special worship held at the juncture of Ashtami and Navami) will also reflect the theme of resistance, with devotees offering prayers not just for personal protection but also for the welfare of society. The Aarti (lamp worship) will be performed with the hope that light will be shed on all forms of injustice, bringing about a return to balance and harmony.
In line with the theme, Dum Dum Tarun Dal is also planning to organize talks and discussions on Bengal’s history and the socio-economic impact of colonial rule. These events will encourage visitors to engage with the theme beyond just the visual spectacle, fostering a deeper understanding of the region’s past struggles.
Cultural Programs: Reflecting on History Through Art
Dum Dum Tarun Dal’s Durga Puja is known for its rich cultural programs, and 2023 will be no different. This year, 
the performances will align closely with the theme of ‘Kaal Bela,’ with plays, dances, and musical recitals that explore the impact of colonialism on Bengal’s culture and economy.
Visitors can expect performances that dramatize key historical events, such as the Battle of Plassey and the subsequent betrayal of Siraj ud-Daulah by Mir Jafar. Folk performances will reflect the anguish of Bengal’s weavers and farmers, whose livelihoods were destroyed under British rule. There will also be musical performances featuring songs from Bengal’s rich tradition of protest music, including Baul and Bhatiali songs that capture the spirit of resistance against foreign domination.
The cultural programs will also include interactive exhibitions and art installations that provide a deeper dive into the theme. These will feature historical artifacts, documents, and photographs from Bengal’s colonial period, allowing visitors to engage with the theme on a more intellectual level.
Environmental and Social Responsibility: Learning from the Past
As always, Dum Dum Tarun Dal will emphasize social and environmental responsibility as part of its Durga Puja celebrations. In keeping with the theme of ‘Kaal Bela,’ the committee will focus on the need for sustainable practices, reminding visitors of the environmental degradation caused by unchecked exploitation—much like what happened to Bengal under British rule.
The pandal itself will be constructed using eco-friendly materials, such as bamboo, jute, and clay, in an effort to minimize the environmental impact. Additionally, there will be workshops on sustainability and waste management, encouraging visitors to adopt more eco-conscious lifestyles.
In terms of social responsibility, Dum Dum Tarun Dal will engage in community outreach, distributing food and clothing to underprivileged sections of society. This act of sharing and giving back is a reflection of Bengal’s spirit of resilience and solidarity, even in the face of adversity.
Conclusion: A Time to Reflect and Remember
Dum Dum Tarun Dal Durga Puja 2023, with its theme ‘Kaal Bela,’ offers visitors more than just a visual spectacle—it provides an opportunity to reflect on Bengal’s history, its struggles, and the lessons that can be drawn from the past. By revisiting the dark times that followed the Dewani Rights and the Battle of Plassey, this year’s Puja serves as a powerful reminder of the dangers of exploitation, greed, and betrayal, while also celebrating the strength and resilience of Bengal.
Through its carefully crafted pandal, awe-inspiring idol, and rich cultural programs, Dum Dum Tarun Dal will once again establish itself as one of Kolkata’s most socially conscious and artistically innovative Durga Puja celebrations.
